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Forget sand and cat litter. It must be some kind of salt. The science is a little complicated, but salt water (also called brine) freezes at a lower temperature than pure water.Sprinkling salt on ice actually lowers the temperature quite considerably, but lowers the melting point quite a lot more. (See: http://science.howstuffworks.com/road-salt.htm)Nathanael Jones is absolutely right; any salt will do, and the purer and finer it is, the faster it will work. Actually, any soluble salt will work, but sodium chloride (NaCl/table salt/rock salt/dishwasher salt) is the most common and easily available.Sand and cat litter don't dissolve in water to any appreciable extent, so don't work to get rid of ice ... although they might give a little more friction.