Hard to say really.
Batteries on TDS meter sounds a possibility. The other stuff does sound inconsistent. Possible crack or partial blockage in the resin vessel's riser tube? Do you have another resin vessel that you could connect up to use as a "control experiment"? Is the riser tube seated properly? Maybe purchase a second resin vessel as a "failsafe" and connect it in series?
Re-reading this, I'm not so sure that you have the type of resin chamber with a riser tube. Is
the resin chamber an integral part of the RO unit?
Although you shouldn't have to, I'm wondering about you getting a second resin vessel to connect up in addition.
"I've got a 300gpd Roman 10" type of RO."
Maybe a Greek one would be better? (Sorry - bad joke)
My RO takes the water down to about 008. I have two resin vessels after it. Although this sounds like overkill, I had the vessels already from a previous way of setting things up so figured I may as well make use of them. I change the first one (the smaller) every few weeks and the second one, rarely. It saves having to check the TDS too often.